Reassociate: add global reassociation algorithm

This PR pulls the upstream change, Reassociate: add global reassociation algorithm (llvm/llvm-project@b8a330c), into DXC with miminal changes.

For the code below:
  foo = (a * b) * c
  bar = (a * d) * c

As the upstream change states, it can identify the a*c is a common factor and redundant.

This is part 1 of the fix for #6593.

Author: lizhengxing

lib/Transforms/Scalar/Reassociate.cpp

@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
-#include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/PostOrderIterator.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/SetVector.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallSet.h"
 #include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h"
 #include "llvm/IR/CFG.h"
 #include "llvm/IR/Constants.h"
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 #include "llvm/Pass.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
 #include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
+#include "llvm/Transforms/Scalar.h"
 #include "llvm/Transforms/Utils/Local.h"
 #include <algorithm>
 using namespace llvm;
@@ -161,6 +162,13 @@ namespace {
     DenseMap<BasicBlock*, unsigned> RankMap;
     DenseMap<AssertingVH<Value>, unsigned> ValueRankMap;
     SetVector<AssertingVH<Instruction> > RedoInsts;
+
+    // Arbitrary, but prevents quadratic behavior.
+    static const unsigned GlobalReassociateLimit = 10;
+    static const unsigned NumBinaryOps =
+        Instruction::BinaryOpsEnd - Instruction::BinaryOpsBegin;
+    DenseMap<std::pair<Value *, Value *>, unsigned> PairMap[NumBinaryOps];
+
     bool MadeChange;
   public:
     static char ID; // Pass identification, replacement for typeid
@@ -196,6 +204,7 @@ namespace {
     void EraseInst(Instruction *I);
     void OptimizeInst(Instruction *I);
     Instruction *canonicalizeNegConstExpr(Instruction *I);
+    void BuildPairMap(ReversePostOrderTraversal<Function *> &RPOT);
   };
 }
 
@@ -2234,18 +2243,127 @@ void Reassociate::ReassociateExpression(BinaryOperator *I) {
     return;
   }
 
+  if (Ops.size() > 2 && Ops.size() <= GlobalReassociateLimit) {
+    // Find the pair with the highest count in the pairmap and move it to the
+    // back of the list so that it can later be CSE'd.
+    // example:
+    //   a*b*c*d*e
+    // if c*e is the most "popular" pair, we can express this as
+    //   (((c*e)*d)*b)*a
+    unsigned Max = 1;
+    unsigned BestRank = 0;
+    std::pair<unsigned, unsigned> BestPair;
+    unsigned Idx = I->getOpcode() - Instruction::BinaryOpsBegin;
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < Ops.size() - 1; ++i)
+      for (unsigned j = i + 1; j < Ops.size(); ++j) {
+        unsigned Score = 0;
+        Value *Op0 = Ops[i].Op;
+        Value *Op1 = Ops[j].Op;
+        if (std::less<Value *>()(Op1, Op0))
+          std::swap(Op0, Op1);
+        auto it = PairMap[Idx].find({Op0, Op1});
+        if (it != PairMap[Idx].end())
+          Score += it->second;
+
+        unsigned MaxRank = std::max(Ops[i].Rank, Ops[j].Rank);
+        if (Score > Max || (Score == Max && MaxRank < BestRank)) {
+          BestPair = {i, j};
+          Max = Score;
+          BestRank = MaxRank;
+        }
+      }
+    if (Max > 1) {
+      auto Op0 = Ops[BestPair.first];
+      auto Op1 = Ops[BestPair.second];
+      Ops.erase(&Ops[BestPair.second]);
+      Ops.erase(&Ops[BestPair.first]);
+      Ops.push_back(Op0);
+      Ops.push_back(Op1);
+    }
+  }
   // Now that we ordered and optimized the expressions, splat them back into
   // the expression tree, removing any unneeded nodes.
   RewriteExprTree(I, Ops);
 }
 
+void Reassociate::BuildPairMap(ReversePostOrderTraversal<Function *> &RPOT) {
+  // Make a "pairmap" of how often each operand pair occurs.
+  for (BasicBlock *BI : RPOT) {
+    for (Instruction &I : *BI) {
+      if (!I.isAssociative())
+        continue;
+
+      // Ignore nodes that aren't at the root of trees.
+      if (I.hasOneUse() && I.user_back()->getOpcode() == I.getOpcode())
+        continue;
+
+      // Collect all operands in a single reassociable expression.
+      // Since Reassociate has already been run once, we can assume things
+      // are already canonical according to Reassociation's regime.
+      SmallVector<Value *, 8> Worklist = {I.getOperand(0), I.getOperand(1)};
+      SmallVector<Value *, 8> Ops;
+      while (!Worklist.empty() && Ops.size() <= GlobalReassociateLimit) {
+        Value *Op = Worklist.pop_back_val();
+        Instruction *OpI = dyn_cast<Instruction>(Op);
+        if (!OpI || OpI->getOpcode() != I.getOpcode() || !OpI->hasOneUse()) {
+          Ops.push_back(Op);
+          continue;
+        }
+        // Be paranoid about self-referencing expressions in unreachable code.
+        if (OpI->getOperand(0) != OpI)
+          Worklist.push_back(OpI->getOperand(0));
+        if (OpI->getOperand(1) != OpI)
+          Worklist.push_back(OpI->getOperand(1));
+      }
+      // Skip extremely long expressions.
+      if (Ops.size() > GlobalReassociateLimit)
+        continue;
+
+      // Add all pairwise combinations of operands to the pair map.
+      unsigned BinaryIdx = I.getOpcode() - Instruction::BinaryOpsBegin;
+      SmallSet<std::pair<Value *, Value *>, 32> Visited;
+      for (unsigned i = 0; i < Ops.size() - 1; ++i) {
+        for (unsigned j = i + 1; j < Ops.size(); ++j) {
+          // Canonicalize operand orderings.
+          Value *Op0 = Ops[i];
+          Value *Op1 = Ops[j];
+          if (std::less<Value *>()(Op1, Op0))
+            std::swap(Op0, Op1);
+          if (!Visited.insert({Op0, Op1}).second)
+            continue;
+          auto res = PairMap[BinaryIdx].insert({{Op0, Op1}, 1});
+          if (!res.second)
+            ++res.first->second;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 bool Reassociate::runOnFunction(Function &F) {
   if (skipOptnoneFunction(F))
     return false;
 
   // Calculate the rank map for F
   BuildRankMap(F);
 
+  // Build the pair map before running reassociate.
+  // Technically this would be more accurate if we did it after one round
+  // of reassociation, but in practice it doesn't seem to help much on
+  // real-world code, so don't waste the compile time running reassociate
+  // twice.
+  // If a user wants, they could expicitly run reassociate twice in their
+  // pass pipeline for further potential gains.
+  // It might also be possible to update the pair map during runtime, but the
+  // overhead of that may be large if there's many reassociable chains.
+  // TODO: RPOT
+  // Get the functions basic blocks in Reverse Post Order. This order is used by
+  // BuildRankMap to pre calculate ranks correctly. It also excludes dead basic
+  // blocks (it has been seen that the analysis in this pass could hang when
+  // analysing dead basic blocks).
+  ReversePostOrderTraversal<Function *> RPOT(&F);
+  BuildPairMap(RPOT);
+
   MadeChange = false;
   for (Function::iterator BI = F.begin(), BE = F.end(); BI != BE; ++BI) {
     // Optimize every instruction in the basic block.
@@ -2268,9 +2386,11 @@ bool Reassociate::runOnFunction(Function &F) {
     }
   }
 
-  // We are done with the rank map.
+  // We are done with the rank map and pair map.
   RankMap.clear();
   ValueRankMap.clear();
+  for (auto &Entry : PairMap)
+    Entry.clear();
 
   return MadeChange;
 }