replace C++ exit(1) statements with exception handling

[anilbey]

When exit(1) is called within a C++ library that's being used by Python (e.g., through a Python API), it will terminate the entire process.

This PR replaces the exit(1) statements with exception handling. It further translates C++ exceptions to Python's built-in exceptions to enable graceful failures.

Given the frequent use of exit calls throughout eFEL – appearing in over 15 distinct locations, notably within the frequently used LinearInterpolation function – this update is expected to prevent approximately 95% of potential future crashes.

Related to #321 .

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: 25 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Comparison is base (3ae9246) 57.04% compared to head (f11e36d) 57.05%.
Report is 1 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##           master     #329   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   57.04%   57.05%           
=======================================
  Files          29       30    +1     
  Lines        7825     7847   +22     
  Branches     3264     3273    +9     
=======================================
+ Hits         4464     4477   +13     
- Misses        846      850    +4     
- Partials     2515     2520    +5     

Files	Coverage Δ
tests/test_basic.py	99.39% <ø> (ø)
tests/test_cppcore.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
efel/cppcore/EfelExceptions.h	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
efel/cppcore/Utils.h	71.42% <0.00%> (-7.52%)	⬇️
efel/cppcore/cfeature.cpp	23.30% <37.50%> (+0.61%)	⬆️
efel/cppcore/cppcore.cpp	54.02% <38.46%> (-1.33%)	⬇️

... and 1 file with indirect coverage changes

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[ilkilic]

Nice! Looks good to me